This Review aims to provide a critical historical review of studies that have addressed historical accounts of the Najaf uprising, considered a significant historical period for Iraq and its general conditions on the eve of World War I. The article examines the accompanying political developments, namely the subjugation of Iraq in general, and Najaf in particular, to British occupation. This subjugation led to the people of Najaf's opposition to British rule, a rejection that culminated in the 1918 uprising led by the Islamic Renaissance Society. The harsh sentences imposed upon them ultimately galvanized Iraqi society at all levels to launch the 1920 revolution. The researcher concludes that most classical sources and modern studies on this topic unanimously agree that the primary cause of the uprising was the British authorities' response to the events in Najaf. This response ignited nationalist sentiment, broadening the base of popular opposition to the foreign presence and securing the country's independence. The article also concludes that the uprising's impact extended beyond Najaf in particular, and across Iraqi cities in general, marking a turning point in history. And it was a political event that marked the beginning of the Great Iraqi Revolution.