This paper examines the evolution of women’s activism for safe reproduction in India, tracing its trajectory from the 1970s to the contemporary era of biotechnological intervention. Rooted in the feminist awakening of the late twentieth century, the struggle emerged as a response to coercive state population control policies and the biomedicalization of women’s bodies. Through a detailed analysis of organisations such as Saheli, Stree Shakti Sanghatana, Sama, and the Forum for Women’s Health, the study explores how women’s groups negotiated the intersecting forces of patriarchy, science, and state policy. It highlights how feminist activism transformed reproductive health from a medical issue into a question of rights, justice, and autonomy. Drawing on historical documents, campaign literature, and feminist critiques, the paper situates India’s movement within the broader context of Global South struggles against neocolonial control and technological domination. It further examines the transition from opposition to unsafe contraceptives to the feminist engagement with assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), revealing how the politics of reproduction have evolved amid neoliberal and globalised health regimes.