Genetic modification (GM) in agriculture has revolutionized crop improvement by enabling precise alterations at the molecular level. This paper explores the application of genetic engineering in enhancing crop yield, improving disease resistance, and enriching nutritional content. Emphasis is placed on key biotechnological techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9, transgenic technology, and RNA interference. The study also examines successful case studies including Bt cotton, Golden Rice, and virus-resistant papaya. Finally, the paper discusses biosafety concerns, regulatory frameworks, and future prospects of genetically modified crops in addressing global food security.